To get Thjorad, you have to ring the bells in real-time play. Turn-based won't work. If it's still giving problems, try and force a respawn by exiting the monastery, saving your position, quit the game, and delete all the minisaves which begin with Lindisfarnemonastery.

No, you can't see the effective spells like you could in the previous games.

As you've found out, a scholar cannot Master anything. He needs to be promoted to either Mage or Lich before he can Master or GM any skill.